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Republic Act No. 3466· Enacted 1962-06-16

Emergency Employment Act of 1962 Philippines — BatasKo ELI5

Paano ka makakahanap ng trabaho sa government projects? Alamin ang Emergency Employment Act of 1962 at kung paano ito nagbibigay ng trabaho sa mga Pilipino.

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Official text — Republic Act No. 3466

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Preamble

REPUBLIC ACT No. 3466

An Act to Provide Maximum Employment in Public Economic Development Projects, Creating an Emergency Employment Administration, and for Other Purposes

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippine Congress Assembled:

Section 1

Section 1.

This Act shall be known as the Emergency Employment Act of 1962.

Section 2

Section 2.

It is hereby declared to be the continuing policy and responsibility of the State to utilize every possible means to create maximum employment opportunities for all who are able, willing and seeking to work but cannot find employment, thus increasing mass purchasing power, developing income in rural areas, and stimulating economic activity in general.

It shall be part of the policy to de-mechanize construction and maintenance operations of the government as much as possible by utilizing man-power and draft-animal power instead of labor-saving machines, whatever permissible, if such a policy is not uneconomic.

Section 3 — There is hereby created the Emergency Employment Administration, hereafter cal→

Section 3.

There is hereby created the Emergency Employment Administration, hereafter called the Administration, under the Office of the President of the Philippines, which shall be responsible for planning out and helping to execute an emergency public employment program designed to create maximum employment opportunities in the following government-financed projects: large-scale land clearance and establishment of agricultural estates; agricultural extension; promotion of cottage industries; conservation and reforestation of forest resources; public works projects which promote economic growth, such as power development projects, national and communal irrigation, river control and drainage; airports and ports construction and improvements; shore protection; construction and maintenance of highways and feeder roads connecting agricultural areas with market centers:

Provided,

That the planning and execution of the emergency employment program shall give priority to projects authorized under the Public Works Appropriation Acts and other Acts of Congress and projects which will promote economic growth, which are already stated but requiring additional funds for completion, such as the Manila South Road from Quezon Province to Camarines Norte; Tambo-Calo irrigation project, Hermosa, Bataan; Bongabon irrigation project, Nueva Ecija; Bago irrigation project, Negros Occidental; Zambales-Tarlac to Dingalan Bay road; Agoo irrigation project, La Union; Malalag-Malita road; Mati-Manay-Caraga-Baganga road; for the construction of the Nagtahan-Pandacan bridge and dredging of esteros and other flood control works in Manila; Camiling, Tarlac irrigation; Sta. Ignacia, Tarlac irrigation; Pura, Tarlac-Guimba, Nueva Ecija road; San Mariano-Palanan road, Isabela; Cagayan Valley road, Cagayan-Mt. Province-Abra-Ilocos Sur road; Abulog-Mt. Province irrigation project; Pangasinan-Nueva Vizcaya road; Zambales to Tarlac via Mangatarem road; to complete the unfinished buildings at the Capitol site portions of which are already completed and which are now rusting; to complete the circumferential road around Manila; to complete the construction of the national highway of the Dalaguete-Badian road, Cebu; to complete the construction of Malalay-Buangon road, Cebu; the completion of the Baguio waterworks; Davao waterworks; and the road system around the Island of Basilan; circumferential road around Lake Taal; the construction of a new concrete bridge across the Pasig river in barrio Rosario, Pasig, along Ortigas Avenue and the cementing of the national highway from Ortigas Avenue running northwards to Pililia, Rizal, and national roads in Bulacan:

Provided,

However, That at least sixty per cent of the annual available funds shall be spent for self-liquidating and revenue-producing projects:

Provided, further,

That in no case shall the expenditure for labor and tools exceed the certified engineer’s estimate for such expense item:

Provided, finally,

That the Administration shall, in the planning, framing and execution of the projects mentioned in the law, act in consultation with the officials of the provinces, chartered cities and municipalities affected by these projects.

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Section 4 — The Administration shall have the following powers and duties:→

Section 4.

The Administration shall have the following powers and duties:

a. To authorized the expenditure of such amounts from the appropriation provided for in this Act as are necessary for the employment of unemployed workers in the projects specified in Section three;

b. The recommend to the office concerned projects to be undertaken which projects shall be distributed on a nationwide basis:

Provided,

That preference shall be given to projects in which not less than sixty per cent of the total expenditures shall be for wages of emergency employees;

c. To recruit and hire, on a project-to-project basis such personnel as may be required:

Provided,

That preference shall be given to the most needy in the locality where the projects will be undertaken;

d. To coordinate the activities of the different government offices and agencies performing functions and duties relating to or in furtherance of the objectives of this Act; and

e. To perform all functions necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act within the appropriation provided for in this Act and for purposes herein indicated.

Section 5 — The Administration shall be composed of an Emergency Employment Board of seven→

Section 5.

The Administration shall be composed of an Emergency Employment Board of seven members, as follows: an Administrator, preferably an economist or a civil engineer of recognized competence; the Secretary of Public Works and Communications; the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources; the Secretary of Labor; the Chairman of the National Economic Council; one representative from the minority party to be nominated by the president of the party; and one representative from the majority party.

The Board shall elect its Chairman. The Administrator shall implement and carry out the decisions of the Board.

The Administrator and a Deputy Administrator, who shall assist him, shall both be appointed by the President of the Philippines with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.

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They shall receive the salaries of eighteen thousand pesos and twelve thousand pesos per annum, respectively, and shall serve at the pleasure of the President.

The Administrator, with the previous approval of the Board, shall appoint such personnel as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this Act.

Section 6 — The Administrator is also authorized to employ any number of unemployed able-b→

Section 6.

The Administrator is also authorized to employ any number of unemployed able-bodied youth below the age of majority.

Show 5 more sections +→
Section 7 — During the effectivity of this Act, the compensation of the laborers, technici→

Section 7.

During the effectivity of this Act, the compensation of the laborers, technicians, helpers and employees to be employed for the projects herein authorized shall be in accordance with the salary and wage schedule prescribed by the Administration as approved by the President.

Section 8 — The Administration shall transmit to the President of the Philippines and to C→

Section 8.

The Administration shall transmit to the President of the Philippines and to Congress an annual economic report setting forth: (1) the levels of employment, production and purchasing power generated by the projects undertaken by the Administration and such levels as may be needed to carry out the declared policy in Section two of this Act; (2) current and foreseeable trends in the levels of employment, production and purchasing power; (3) a review of the economic situation affecting employment in the Philippines; (4) a progress report showing in detail the projects undertaken and the corresponding expenditure thereof; and (5) a program for carrying out the policy together with such recommendations for legislation as it may deem necessary or desirable.

Section 9 — The Administrator shall promulgate, with the written approval of the President→

Section 9.

The Administrator shall promulgate, with the written approval of the President, rules and regulations to implement this Act.

Section 10 — There is hereby appropriated, out of any funds in the National Treasury not o→

Section 10.

There is hereby appropriated, out of any funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of one hundred million pesos or so much thereof as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act:

Provided,

That the Administration may, with the guarantee of the Republic of the Philippines, negotiate for long term loans from foreign financial institutions, such as the Industrial Development Assistance (IDA) to finance preferential development projects: And

Provided, finally,

That the provisions of any existing law to the contrary notwithstanding, within forty-five days before every general or special election other than for barrio officials, no laborer shall be employed in, or money spent for, any project under this Act even if the money is actually released before or within such period except for:

(a) Ordinary maintenance of existing and/or completed projects:

Provided,

That no more than the number of employees or laborers already employed therein sixty days prior to the beginning of the forty-five day period shall be permitted to work:

Provided, further,

That no extra laborers are employed within the said period of forty-five days;

(b) Payment for the usual cost of preparation of working drawings, specifications, bills of materials, estimates, and other procedures preparatory to actual construction, including the purchase of materials and equipment, and all incidental expenses for wages of watchmen and other laborers employed for such work in the central offices and field storehouses before the beginning of such period.

No payment should be made five days before the date of election to laborers who rendered service in projects that were overdraft at the time the work was rendered, except those laborers falling under subsections (a) and (b) of this section.

Any violation of the foregoing provisions shall constitute a serious offense punishable under the provisions of the Revised Penal Code.

This sum may also be taken from the sale of the bonds which may be floated for this purpose:

Provided,

That the proceeds from the sale of said bonds shall be used solely and exclusively for self-liquidating projects.

Section 11 — This Act shall take effect upon its approval and shall be in force for a peri→

Section 11.

This Act shall take effect upon its approval and shall be in force for a period of five years therefrom.

Approved: June 16, 1962.

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

Full text on BatasKo. Original source: Official Gazette / Lawphil.

Nawalan ka ba ng trabaho at gustong magtanong kung may government program na tumutulong sa mga taong tulad mo? Marahil narinig mo na ang mga TUPAD o emergency employment sa barangay — pero hindi mo alam kung may batas ba talaga para dito.

Meron. At medyo matagal na ito.

ELI5 Summary

Ang Emergency Employment Act of 1962 (Republic Act No. 3466) ay isang batas na nagsasabing responsibilidad ng gobyerno ang lumikha ng trabaho para sa mga taong gustong magtrabaho pero walang makuhang employment. Ginawa nito ang Emergency Employment Administration — isang ahensya na nagpa-hire ng mga manggagawa para sa public works projects tulad ng kalsada, irigasyon, at reforestation. Simple lang: kung hindi ka makahanap ng trabaho, dapat tumulong ang estado.

Real Filipino Scenario: Ang Social Worker na Nag-Organisa ng Komunidad

Si Bong, 38, isang social worker sa Tagbilaran, Bohol. Matapos ang malaking bagyo, maraming construction workers at farm laborers sa kanyang komunidad ang biglang walang trabaho — nasira ang mga sakahan at hindi maaaring magtayo ng bagong gusali agad.

Naalala ni Bong na may programa ang lokal na gobyerno na nag-o-offer ng emergency employment sa mga naapektuhan. Tinanong niya kung may legal na basehan ba ito.

Under Section 2 ng Republic Act No. 3466, ito ang "continuing policy and responsibility of the State" na lumikha ng maximum employment opportunities para sa lahat ng "able, willing and seeking to work but cannot find employment." Hindi ito charity — ito ay isang declared state policy.

Ginawa ni Bong ang listahan ng mga unemployed residents sa kanyang barangay, kinausap ang lokal na DSWD office, at itinuro kung paano mag-apply sa emergency employment programs na nakabase sa naturang batas. Lahat ng 23 niya na-refer ay nakapasok sa road maintenance program ng probinsya.

Ano ang dapat gawin ni Bong: Makipag-ugnayan sa lokal na DSWD o DOLE office, humingi ng listahan ng active emergency employment projects, at tulungan ang mga residente na mag-file ng applications. Siguraduhin na may priority ang "most needy in the locality" ayon sa Section 4(c) ng batas.

What the Law Actually Says

Ang Republic Act No. 3466, o ang Emergency Employment Act of 1962, ay nilagdaan ni Pangulong Diosdado Macapagal noong Hunyo 16, 1962.

Ang pangunahing probisyon:

Under Section 2, ito ang deklaradong patakaran ng estado na gamitin ang "every possible means to create maximum employment opportunities" para sa lahat ng gustong magtrabaho pero hindi makahanap ng trabaho. Kasama rito ang layuning dagdagan ang purchasing power ng masa, i-develop ang kita sa rural areas, at i-stimulate ang economic activity.

Mapansin na: ang batas ay nagtatakda rin ng patakaran ng de-mechanization — ibig sabihin, kung saan posible at hindi uneconomical, dapat gumamit ang gobyerno ng tao at draft animals kaysa sa mga makina para sa construction at maintenance. Ito ay para talagang malikha ng trabaho, hindi para pabilisin ang project gamit ng bulldozer.

Under Section 3, ang mga uri ng proyekto na saklaw ng batas ay:

  • Large-scale land clearance at agricultural estates
  • Agricultural extension programs
  • Cottage industries
  • Conservation at reforestation
  • Public works: power development, irrigation, river control
  • Airports at ports construction
  • Highway at feeder road construction

Under Section 4(b), dapat na hindi bababa sa 60% ng total expenditures ng bawat project ay para sa wages ng emergency employees — hindi para sa kagamitan o materyales. Ito ang pinaka-importanteng proteksyon para sa manggagawa.

Under Section 4(c), may priority ang "most needy in the locality" kapag nag-hire ang Administration.

Under Section 6, ang Administration ay maaari ring mag-employ ng unemployed able-bodied youth below the age of majority — ibig sabihin, kahit minor ka, pwede kang ma-hire sa ilalim ng programang ito.

What This Means for You

Ano ang practical meaning nito para sa isang ordinaryong Pilipino?

Una: Hindi ka lang basta "lumapit sa gobyerno para maawa." May karapatan kang magtanong at mag-apply sa emergency employment programs dahil may batas na nagtatakda na ito ay responsibilidad ng estado — hindi ito palimos, ito ay policy.

Pangalawa: Ang 60% wage rule (Section 4(b)) ay nagprotekta sa mga manggagawa mula sa sitwasyon kung saan ang pera ng project ay napupunta sa kagamitan at kontraktor lamang. Ang malaking parte ng budget ay dapat mapunta sa inyong sahod.

Pangatlo: Ang batas ay nagbibigay ng priority sa mga pinaka-nangangailangan sa lugar ng project. Kaya kung may project sa inyong barangay o munisipalidad, may advantage ka bilang lokal na residente na walang trabaho.

Pang-apat: Kahit may edad ka na o kabataan ka pa lang, may lugar ka sa programang ito — mula sa mga ordinaryong manggagawa hanggang sa mga technicians, lahat ay covered ng wage schedule na itinakda ng Administration (Section 7).

Ang tunay na challenge? Ang Emergency Employment Administration na nilikha ng batas na ito ay naisalin na sa iba't ibang ahensya sa paglipas ng mga taon. Ngayon, ang mga programang katulad nito ay isinasagawa ng DOLE (sa pamamagitan ng TUPAD at ibang programs) at DPWH para sa public works employment.

Real Filipino Scenario: Ang Salon Stylist na Hindi Alam ang Kanyang Karapatan

Si Patricia, 29, ay isang salon stylist sa Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. Noong bumagsak ang negosyo ng kanyang employer at nagsara ang salon, natagalan siyang makahanap ng trabaho. May nagsabi sa kanya na may government road project na malapit sa kanilang lugar — pero sinabi ng isang kakilala niya, "Sa construction lang 'yan, hindi para sa mga babae o mga hindi marunong sa gawain."

Mali ito. Ito ang pinaka-common misconception tungkol sa emergency employment.

Ang batas ay nagsasabi ng "unemployed workers" — walang gender restriction. Ang mga proyekto ay hindi lang limited sa heavy construction; kasama ang agricultural extension, cottage industries, at maintenance work — trabaho na angkop sa iba't ibang kasanayan.

Bukod dito, under Section 4(c), ang priority ay ang "most needy" — hindi ang pinaka-bihasa o pinaka-may-karanasan sa construction.

Lumapit si Patricia sa lokal na DOLE office sa Cabanatuan at nalaman niya na may ongoing road clearing at maintenance project sa kanilang probinsya. Na-hire siya para sa traffic flagging at documentation work — trabaho na naaayon sa kanyang kakayahan.

Ano ang dapat gawin ni Patricia: Huwag hayaang pigilan ang sarili ng maling akala na "para lang sa construction workers" ang ganito. Pumunta sa pinakamalapit na DOLE field office, itanong tungkol sa TUPAD o anumang active emergency employment projects, at dalhin ang valid ID at barangay certificate of residency.

What Most Filipinos Get Wrong

"Kailangan mong maging construction worker para makapasok." Mali. Ang batas ay sumasaklaw sa agricultural, reforestation, at cottage industry projects. May lugar para sa iba't ibang uri ng manggagawa.

"Kung may trabaho ka kahit maliit, hindi ka puwede mag-apply." Depende sa programa. Ang batas ay nagsasalita ng mga "seeking to work but cannot find employment" — kung underemployed ka at naghahanap ng dagdag na trabaho, maaaring eligible ka pa rin. Tanungin ang DOLE.

"Ang emergency employment ay charity lang ng gobyerno." Hindi. Ito ay isang declared state policy under RA 3466. May karapatan kang mag-expect na may programa ang gobyerno — at may obligasyon ang estado na lumikha ng oportunidad.

"Ang mga project ay para lang sa mga koneksyon sa politiko." Ang batas ay malinaw: Section 4(c) ay nagtatakda ng preference para sa "most needy in the locality." Kung naramdaman mong may nepotismo o hindi maayos ang selection, may karapatang mag-reklamo sa DOLE.

"Ang batas na ito ay luma na at hindi na ginagamit." Ang RA 3466 ay nananatiling batas. Ang espiritu nito — state responsibility para sa emergency employment — ay patuloy na lumalabas sa mga DOLE programs, GAA provisions, at emergency public works appropriations.

For OFWs / Para sa mga OFW

Ang RA 3466 ay originally designed para sa unemployed workers sa loob ng Pilipinas — kaya kung OFW ka na nasa ibang bansa, hindi ka direktang covered ng programang ito habang aktibo kang nagtatrabaho abroad.

Pero may dalawang sitwasyon kung saan relevant ito para sa iyo:

Kung nauwi ka nang walang trabaho (distressed OFW o undocumented returnee): Kapag bumalik ka sa Pilipinas at walang trabaho, pwede kang mag-apply sa emergency employment programs. Ang Balik-Manggagawa at reintegration programs ng DMW (Department of Migrant Workers) ay may employment assistance component. Maaari kang i-refer sa DOLE para sa TUPAD at ibang programs na katulad ng spirit ng RA 3466.

Pumunta sa:

  • DMW Reintegration Center (dating OWWA) — para sa livelihood at employment assistance
  • DOLE TUPAD Help Desk — para sa short-term emergency employment projects
  • Lokal na PESO (Public Employment Service Office) — para sa referral sa mga active government projects

Kung may pamilya kang naiwan na walang trabaho: Ang mga dependents mo na nasa Pilipinas at walang trabaho ay pwedeng mag-apply sa emergency employment programs. Ang iyong OWWA membership ay maaaring makatulong sa pamilya mo para ma-access ang iba't ibang assistance programs.

Kung OFW ka na nagbabalik-balik at nagpaplano ng permanenteng pag-uwi: I-check ang DOLE AKAP at iba pang reintegration livelihood programs bago ka umuwi para mas handa ka. Ang emergency employment ay maaaring maging transitional na trabaho habang naghahanap ka ng permanent na employment.

Real Filipino Scenario: Ang Cook na Nasa High Seas

Si Ivy, 34, ay isang cook sa isang oil tanker na nagtatrabaho sa dagat. Ang kanyang kontrata ay matatapos na sa susunod na buwan, at desidido siyang huwag nang mag-renew — gusto na niyang manatili sa Pilipinas para alagaan ang kanyang mga anak.

Nag-aalala si Ivy: matagal bago siya makauwi, at hindi siya sigurado kung ano ang gagawin niya pagdating sa Pilipinas. May trabaho bang naghihintay sa kanya?

Hindi pa niya alam, pero may proseso siyang magagawa bago pa siya makabalik.

Mula sa barko, maaari siyang makipag-ugnayan sa Philippine Overseas Labor Office (POLO/MWO) sa pamamagitan ng kanyang shipping company o agency para simulan ang reintegration process. Ang DMW ay may portal na nagbibigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa employment programs para sa mga returning OFWs.

Pagdating sa Pilipinas, ang unang hakbang ni Ivy ay pumunta sa OWWA Reintegration Center at ang lokal na PESO sa kanyang munisipalidad. Depende kung saan siya manirahan, maaaring may active na TUPAD o emergency employment projects na katangkilan ng kanyang cooking skills — halimbawa, community kitchen o livelihood programs.

Ano ang dapat gawin ni Ivy bago makauwi: I-contact ang POLO/MWO para sa pre-departure reintegration briefing. I-download ang DMW e-portal app para malaman ang available programs. Kapag nakauwi na, pumunta agad sa OWWA at PESO para sa employment referral — at huwag hintayin na maubusan ng pera bago humihingi ng tulong.

What to Do if Your Rights Are Violated / Ano ang Gagawin

Kung may paniniwala kang hindi ka nakinabang sa isang emergency employment program na dapat ay open sa iyo, o kung may pinagdudahan kang irregularidad sa isang government employment project, narito ang mga hakbang:

  1. Pumunta sa pinakamalapit na DOLE Field Office. Dalhin ang valid ID at anumang dokumentasyon (barangay certification ng residency, unemployment, atbp.). Itanong tungkol sa active emergency employment o TUPAD projects sa iyong lugar.

  2. Makipag-ugnayan sa lokal na PESO (Public Employment Service Office). Ang bawat munisipalidad at lungsod ay dapat may PESO. Sila ang frontline ng employment referral at registration para sa government projects.

  3. I-file ang reklamo sa DOLE kung may irregularidad. Kung may project sa inyong lugar pero hindi naka-comply sa 60% wage requirement (Section 4(b)) o kung may malinaw na favoritism sa hiring, pwede kang mag-file ng formal complaint sa DOLE Regional Office.

  4. Para sa mga OFW returnees: Pumunta sa DMW Reintegration Center o OWWA para sa employment assistance. Huwag umasa sa emergency employment na solong solusyon —

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